Introduction to the Environmental Challenges of Anchoring
The increasing awareness of the environmental impacts caused by vessel anchoring and mooring on marine habitats has sparked significant interest in recent years. This editorial, part of a special issue in Frontiers in Conservation Science, aims to highlight the pressing issues related to anchoring and mooring, encouraging further research and awareness. The goal is to address critical knowledge gaps and propose real-world solutions to mitigate these impacts.
Historical Context and Recent Developments
Nearly a decade ago, Davis and colleagues (2016) expressed concern over the shipping industry’s lack of recognition of the environmental consequences of common anchoring practices. The International Chamber of Shipping’s environmental code of practice, published in 2008, notably omitted any mention of anchoring impacts. However, recent developments, such as the inclusion of anchoring impacts in the latest ‘Biodiversity’ report by Lloyd’s Register, indicate progress. This report, launched at the UN’s 2025 Oceans Conference in Nice, France, references scientific literature and suggests potential solutions, marking a significant step forward.
Current Focus and Challenges
Despite increased awareness, efforts to curb ship anchoring for environmental reasons remain primarily focused on reducing fossil fuel consumption. This focus aligns with global carbon-reduction initiatives and future net-zero goals set by the International Maritime Organisation. Unfortunately, some recent scientific contributions have overlooked the threat anchoring poses to benthic environments.
New Research and Findings
This special issue presents groundbreaking research, including assessments of anchoring by large vessels in previously unstudied regions and habitats. Notably, an article examining the impacts of cruise vessel anchoring on Antarctic and subantarctic benthic environments revealed alarming levels of damage. This research gained attention in mainstream media and prompted a response from the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators.
Other studies in this issue document significant changes in marine assemblages due to anchor scour, including in deep sediment environments and among reef-associated temperate zone fishes. These findings underscore the complexity and unpredictability of anchoring outcomes.
Global Research and Technological Advances
Recent research outside this special issue has explored anchoring impacts in various geographic regions, including the Adriatic, Baltic, Mediterranean, and Canadian waters. A notable article in this issue introduces a cost-effective method using AIS (Automatic Identification System) data to interpret spatial patterns of anchoring and vessel movements. This spatial information is crucial for effective anchoring management.
Addressing Knowledge Gaps
Significant knowledge gaps remain, particularly in refining the global spatial scale of anchoring and understanding the evolution and persistence of anchor tracks on the seafloor. Integrating biological impacts with geomorphological changes caused by anchors and chains is essential. Additionally, the impact of ship anchoring on sediment resuspension, water column changes, and secondary disturbances requires further investigation.
Future Directions and Recommendations
The recovery rates from anchoring in various habitats remain largely unknown. Furthermore, the effects of light and noise pollution from anchored vessels on marine megafauna behavior are virtually unexplored. This special issue aims to advance the field by providing recommendations to reduce or eliminate anchoring footprints. While local regulations currently govern anchoring practices, the development of international regulations is crucial for effective management.
Given the predicted fourfold increase in maritime trade and associated port congestion by 2050, addressing these issues is vital. The promise of the Blue Economy depends on collaboration between scientists, the shipping industry, and natural resource managers to achieve better outcomes.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the environmental impacts of anchoring and mooring on marine habitats are significant and complex. This special issue in Frontiers in Conservation Science seeks to raise awareness, encourage further research, and propose solutions to mitigate these impacts. By addressing knowledge gaps and promoting international collaboration, we can work towards a sustainable future for our oceans.
🔗 **Fuente:** [Frontiers in Conservation Science](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/conservation-science/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1732153/full)